{"id":1397413,"date":"2018-11-21T18:48:55","date_gmt":"2018-11-21T15:48:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.erzurumflas.com\/alanyadaki-magarada-7-bin-yillik-toplu-mezar-kalintilari-bulundu\/"},"modified":"2018-11-21T18:49:14","modified_gmt":"2018-11-21T15:49:14","slug":"alanyadaki-magarada-7-bin-yillik-toplu-mezar-kalintilari-bulundu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com.tr\/?p=1397413","title":{"rendered":"Alanya\u2019daki ma\u011farada 7 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k toplu mezar kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 bulundu"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u00fcleyman Demirel \u00dcniversitesi (SD\u00dc) Fen Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi (FEF) Antropoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan, Antalya\u2019n\u0131n Alanya il\u00e7esi Kad\u0131ini Ma\u011faras\u0131\u2019nda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda 100\u2019\u00fc a\u015fk\u0131n bireye ait iskelet kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 bulundu. SD\u00dc FEF Antropoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Sosyal Antropoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Dr. \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Nalan Damla Y\u0131lmaz Usta, “\u0130skeletler, Kalkolitik ve Tun\u00e7 \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019nda insanlar\u0131n biyolojik ve morfolojik \u00f6zelliklerine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutabilecek verileri i\u00e7eriyor. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla o d\u00f6nemdeki Alanya\u2019n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr tarihini ayd\u0131nlataca\u011f\u0131z” dedi.<\/p>\n

SD\u00dc Fen Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi Antropoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Anadolu\u2019nun insanl\u0131k tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir ke\u015ffe imza att\u0131. SD\u00dc, Antalya\u2019n\u0131n Alanya il\u00e7esindeki Kad\u0131ini Ma\u011faras\u0131\u2019nda 100\u2019\u00fc a\u015fk\u0131n bireye ait iskelet kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 buldu. Buluntular ma\u011fara g\u00fczergah\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 400 ila 800 metreler aras\u0131nda tespit edildi. \u0130nsan iskeletlerinin, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden 7-5 bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesini g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi belirtildi.<\/p>\n

Buluntular\u0131n bir di\u011fer \u00f6neminin de Anadolu\u2019da ilk kez bu denli yo\u011funlukta \u2018Ma\u011fara toplu mezar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n

“Alanya\u2019da Kalkolitik ve Tun\u00e7 \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131nda insan yerle\u015fimine ili\u015fkin bu denli \u00e7ok buluntu yok”<\/p>\n

SD\u00dc Sosyal Antropoloji Anabilim Dal\u0131 Dr. \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Nalan Damla Y\u0131lmaz Usta, Ekim 2017\u2019de K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan al\u0131nan izinle Alanya Arkeoloji M\u00fczesi ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki bir ekiple ba\u015flayan bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla Anadolu\u2019nun insanl\u0131k tarihine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutacak yeni verilere ula\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

Ke\u015ffin, Ekim 2017\u2019de Akdeniz \u00dcniversitesi Ma\u011fara Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Toplulu\u011fu (AK\u00dcMAK) ve Anadolu Speleoloji Grubu Derne\u011fi (ASPEG) \u00fcyelerinin faaliyetleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda tesad\u00fcfen ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini anlatan Dr. \u00d6\u011fr. \u00dcyesi Usta, “Ma\u011farac\u0131l\u0131k ekibinden birka\u00e7 arkada\u015f Antropoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olarak bize ula\u015ft\u0131lar. Sosyal Antropoloji Anabilim Dal\u0131 Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan Dr. \u00d6\u011fr. \u00dcyesi Hilal Yakup \u0130peko\u011flu ile birlikte an\u0131lan b\u00f6lgeye gittik. Daha sonra K\u00fclt\u00fcr Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 izni ile Alanya M\u00fcze M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ba\u015flad\u0131k. Alanya M\u00fczesi M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Seher T\u00fcrkmen Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Kad\u0131ini Ma\u011faras\u0131\u2019nda kurtarma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdik” dedi.<\/p>\n

Analiz ve incelemeler devam ediyor<\/p>\n

Yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 g\u00fcn boyunca 100\u2019\u00fc a\u015fk\u0131n insan iskeleti buluntusunu, bilimsel olarak arkeolojik kaz\u0131 ve veri toplama y\u00f6ntemlerini uygulay\u0131p \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, kataloglamas\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7izim ve foto\u011fraflama i\u015flemlerinden sonra Kad\u0131ini Ma\u011faras\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirten Usta “Burada sadece iskelet bulmad\u0131k. Arkeolojik buluntular da vard\u0131. \u0130skelet kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 Alanya M\u00fczesinin izniyle S\u00fcleyman Demirel \u00dcniversitesi Antropoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne getirdik. Analizlerimiz, incelemelerimiz devam ediyor. \u0130skeletlerin \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyoruz” diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

“\u0130skeletlerin ya\u015f\u0131 tahmini, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden 5- 7 bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesi”<\/p>\n

Usta, “Buluntular ma\u011faran\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 400 ila 800 metreleri aras\u0131nda kal\u0131yor ve d\u00fcz bir yolda de\u011fil, ma\u011faran\u0131n i\u00e7erisindeki kollarda mevcuttu. Ma\u011farada y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde su basmalar\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6kmeler gibi bir\u00e7ok hareket olmu\u015f ve baz\u0131 kemikler birbirine kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumdayd\u0131. Baz\u0131 a\u00e7malarda bal\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7inde bir kar\u0131\u015fma durumu s\u00f6z konusuydu. Ama baz\u0131 \u00f6rnekler g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015feklinde duruyor, baz\u0131lar\u0131 da ma\u011fara zeminine zamanla biriken karstik \u00e7\u00f6keltiyle birle\u015fmi\u015fti. \u015eimdi \u00f6rneklere bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz gibi kafataslar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde bir tabaka var. Bu tabaka karstik olu\u015fum ve tamamen kemi\u011fe yap\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumda. Laboratuvar ortam\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kaz\u0131ma i\u015flemiyle bunlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labildi. Ama b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu yine kemikler \u00fczerinde mevcut. Bu olu\u015fumla kaplanmayan iskeletler de var tabi ki” \u015feklinde konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

“\u0130skeletler, Kalkolitik ve Eski Tun\u00e7 \u00c7a\u011flar\u0131na \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutabilecek \u00f6nemli veriler i\u00e7eriyor”<\/p>\n

Buluntular\u0131n \u00f6nemini anlatan Usta, “Alanya tarihinin insanl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Kalkolitik ve Eski Tun\u00e7 \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131na tarihlendirilen bir buluntu ge\u00e7memi\u015fti. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemli. Tabi ma\u011faradaki 1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda Prof. Dr. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 K\u00f6kten hocam\u0131z\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda \u00dcst Paleotik D\u00f6neme ait insana ait izler, kal\u0131nt\u0131lar ele ge\u00e7mi\u015f. Ama bunlar s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da. \u015eimdi ise ma\u011faran\u0131n i\u00e7inin insanlar taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok yo\u011fun \u015fekilde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair bilgiler sunmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu iskeletler ger\u00e7ekten \u00f6nemli. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Anadolu\u2019da \u00f6zellikle Erken Tun\u00e7 D\u00f6nemine tarihlendirilen iskelet seriye de \u00e7ok fazla rastlanm\u0131yor. \u0130skeletlerin korunma durumu \u00e7ok iyi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, ma\u011faran\u0131n i\u00e7erisindeki demir iyonlar\u0131 kemi\u011fe i\u015flemi\u015f ve kemi\u011fin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olduk\u00e7a sertle\u015ftirmi\u015f. \u0130skeletler \u00e7ok fazla bozulmadan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze gelebilmi\u015fler ve Anadolu\u2019nun bu d\u00f6nemine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutabilmeleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekten \u00f6nemliler. \u0130skeletler Kalkolitik ve Eski Tun\u00e7 \u00c7a\u011flar\u0131nda insanlar\u0131n biyolojik, morfolojik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6zelliklerine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutabilecek \u00f6nemli veriler i\u00e7eriyor” dedi.<\/p>\n

Analiz netle\u015fti\u011fi an bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na sunacaklar<\/p>\n

SD\u00dc\u2019de ya\u015fland\u0131rmayla ilgili de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n devam etti\u011fini ifade eden Usta, netle\u015fti\u011fi an yay\u0131n halinde bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na sunacaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek, “Bu iskeletler neden ma\u011faran\u0131n i\u00e7inde?” sorusunun da cevab\u0131n\u0131 arad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.<\/p>\n

Usta, “Bu topluluk ma\u011faran\u0131n \u00e7ok derin k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fclerini g\u00f6md\u00fckleri alan olarak kullan\u0131yorlard\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda arkeolojik olarak \u00f6l\u00fc hediyelerine de rastlad\u0131k. Baz\u0131 iskeletler \u00fczerinde yak\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131na dair izler de var. Bunun da tabi ki \u00f6l\u00fc g\u00f6mme gelenekleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir anlam\u0131 var. Belki de hasta olan bireylere hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kurtulsun ve ar\u0131ns\u0131n diye b\u00f6yle bir i\u015flem uygulan\u0131yordu” ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n

“\u00d6l\u00fcm ya\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 saptamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz”<\/p>\n

Halen bireylerin demografik \u00f6zelliklerini ortaya koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlatan Usta, “Bireylerin \u00f6l\u00fcm ya\u015f\u0131, ortalama \u00f6m\u00fcr uzunlu\u011fu neydi? Bebek ve \u00e7ocuk \u00f6l\u00fcmleri oran\u0131 nas\u0131ld\u0131? Kemiklerinde iz b\u0131rakan hastal\u0131klar\u0131 nelerdi? Enfeksiyonel hastal\u0131klar, travma var m\u0131yd\u0131? Epigenetik yani \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclemeyen varyasyonlar ne s\u0131kl\u0131ktayd\u0131? Eser element analizi yaparak ve bu buluntular\u0131n yan\u0131nda elde etti\u011fimiz baz\u0131 arkeolojik materyalleri de de\u011ferlendirerek, bu insanlar neyle besleniyorlard\u0131? A\u011f\u0131z ve di\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131 nas\u0131ld\u0131? Anadolu\u2019daki ve d\u00fcnyada bu toplulu\u011fa yak\u0131n kimler var? Kemikleri ve di\u015flerinden hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 saptamaya u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yoruz. Bunlar hakk\u0131nda verilere ula\u015fabilece\u011fiz. Genel anlamda inan\u00e7 sistemlerine de dair ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 sa\u011flayabilece\u011fimizi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. K\u0131sacas\u0131 Kad\u0131ini insanlar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z. Son olarak, Kad\u0131ini insanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in muhtemelen yerle\u015fik hayata ge\u00e7mi\u015f, hem tar\u0131mla u\u011fra\u015fan hem de hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015fan topluluktu diyebiliriz” ifadelerine yer verdi.