Banka havalelerinde vatanda\u015flar\u0131n ma\u011fdur olmamas\u0131 ad\u0131na Yarg\u0131tay’dan \u00f6nemli bir karar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Y\u00fcksek mahkeme; IBAN numaras\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131c\u0131ya ait olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etme gibi bir sorumlulu\u011funun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmetti. Milyonlarca havale i\u015flemi i\u00e7in emsal te\u015fkil edecek karara konu olan olay, uluslararas\u0131 bir \u015firketin Kore merkezli \u015firkete para g\u00f6ndermek istemesiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bir banka \u015fubesine m\u00fcracaat eden \u015firket yetkilisi, ticari ili\u015fkisi oldu\u011fu ve Kore’de faaliyet g\u00f6steren \u015firket ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fle ilgili olarak bu \u015firkete 15 bin Dolar havale g\u00f6nderdi. 21 g\u00fcn sonra yine ayn\u0131 IBAN numaras\u0131 ile 15 bin Dolar daha g\u00f6nderdi. Paray\u0131 banka yetkilisine veren \u015firket yetkilisi, ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00f6nderilmesini istedi\u011fi \u015firketin ad\u0131n\u0131 ve \u0130nternational Bank Account Number (IBAN)’\u0131 verdi. Aradan ge\u00e7en zamana ra\u011fmen paran\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fterinin eline ge\u00e7medi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenen \u015firket yetkilisi hayat\u0131n\u0131n \u015fokunu ya\u015fad\u0131. Bankadan paran\u0131n iadesini talep eden \u015firket yetkilisi, talebi geri \u00e7evrilince Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesi’nin yolunu tuttu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Daval\u0131 bankan\u0131n \u00fccret kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flemler s\u0131ras\u0131nda ihm\u00e2l ya da kast\u0131 sonucu zarara u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten davac\u0131 i\u015f adam\u0131, ticari itibar\u0131n\u0131 zedelendi\u011fini, zarar\u0131n tahsili i\u00e7in icra takibi yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak takibe haks\u0131z olarak itiraz edildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrerek itiraz\u0131n iptali ile icra takibinin devam\u0131na, alaca\u011f\u0131n y\u00fczde 40 oran\u0131ndan az olmamak \u00fczere icra ink\u00e2r tazminat\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131dan tahsiline karar verilmesini talep etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Daval\u0131 banka ise bankaya husumetin y\u00f6neltilemeyece\u011fini, davac\u0131n\u0131n zarardan bizzat sorumlu olan Voguers Co. Ltd. \u015eti.’den talepte bulunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, davac\u0131n\u0131n 30 bin Dolar ithalat bedelinin ihracat\u00e7\u0131 dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u015firkete transfer edilmesi i\u00e7in sat\u0131\u015fa ait proforma fatura ile birlikte iki adet ithalat bedeli transfer formunu \u015fubeye iletti\u011fini dile getirdi. Bankan\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 talimat ve proforma faturada bulunan banka bilgilerine g\u00f6re davac\u0131n\u0131n talep etti\u011fi IBAN’a transferi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fini, bankan\u0131n davac\u0131n\u0131n talimat\u0131 do\u011frultusunda hareket etti\u011fini, dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u015firketin mail adresini ele ge\u00e7iren hackerlerin sahte proforma fatura ve IBAN olu\u015fturduklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenildi\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
IBAN’\u0131n dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u015firkete ait olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, davac\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k sonucu u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar\u0131n\u0131 kusuru bulunmayan bankadan talep etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, m\u00fcvekkili bankan\u0131n lehtar banka ile yaz\u0131\u015fma yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak lehdar bankan\u0131n kendi kanunlar\u0131na g\u00f6re transfer i\u015fleminin lehdar ismine g\u00f6re de\u011fil IBAN \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 sebebiyle iade talebinin yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi\u011fini, m\u00fcvekkili bankan\u0131n olayda herhangi bir kusurunun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmesini istedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mahkeme; havalenin IBAN kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, dava konusu havalenin yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda muhabir ve lehtar bankan\u0131n daval\u0131 bankan\u0131n alt vekili ve ifa yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rev ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, bankan\u0131n teknolojinin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 imk\u00e2n\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131, m\u00fc\u015fteri banka ili\u015fkisinde bankan\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ekonomik anlamda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc taraf\u0131 oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekti. Bankan\u0131n finans sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde faaliyet g\u00f6steriyor olmas\u0131 ve uzmanl\u0131k alan\u0131 nedeniyle daha fazla \u00f6zen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alt\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu, davac\u0131 IBAN’\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f bildirmi\u015f olsa da sistemin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kolayl\u0131ktan faydalanan bankan\u0131n ifa yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 konumundaki havale al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu banka vas\u0131tas\u0131 ile en az\u0131ndan m\u00fc\u015fteri ismi ve hesap numaras\u0131 e\u015fle\u015ftirmesini yapmas\u0131 ve havale i\u015flemini bu do\u011frultuda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesinin mevduat sahiplerinin korunabilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hukuk d\u00fczeninin bekledi\u011fi bir \u00f6zen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc oldu\u011funa h\u00fckmetti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mahkeme olayda her iki taraf\u0131n e\u015fit kusurlar\u0131yla zarara sebebiyet verdikleri gerek\u00e7esiyle davan\u0131n k\u0131smen kabul\u00fc ile daval\u0131 bankan\u0131n y\u00fczde 50 kusuruna tekab\u00fcl eden 15 bin Dolar esas al\u0131narak itiraz\u0131n bu miktar \u00fczerinden iptaline, davac\u0131n\u0131n icra inkar tazminat\u0131 isteminin reddine karar verdi. Karar\u0131 daval\u0131 banka temyiz edince devreye giren Yarg\u0131tay 19. Hukuk Dairesi, mahkeme h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc bozdu. Bozma karar\u0131nda; \u201cDaval\u0131 banka taraf\u0131ndan davac\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 talimat\u0131nda belirtilen iban numaras\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek havale yap\u0131lmas\u0131 olay\u0131nda daval\u0131ya atfedilebilecek bir kusur bulunmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen mahkemece somut olay\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesinde yan\u0131lg\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclerek yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir\u201d ifadesi yer ald\u0131.
Yeniden yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamada Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesi, ilk karar\u0131nda direnince bu kez devreye Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu girdi. Emsal nitelikte bir karara imza atan Hukuk Genel Kurulu, mahkeme h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc bozdu. Kararda;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cBanka taraf\u0131ndan davac\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 talimat ve proforma faturada bulunan banka bilgilerine istinaden davac\u0131n\u0131n talep etti\u011fi IBAN’a para transferi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Mahkemece al\u0131nan bilirki\u015fi raporunda, IBAN sistemi ile ilgili a\u00e7\u0131klamalara yer verilmi\u015f olup, uluslararas\u0131 banka hesap numaras\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ngilizce kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan kelimelere ait ilk harflerden olu\u015fan IBAN ile yap\u0131lan havale i\u015fleminde, bu numaran\u0131n verilmesinden sonra banka ismi, \u00fclke ismi, hesap numaras\u0131 ve bunun gibi ek bilgilere ihtiya\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yirmi iki adet harf ve rakamdan olu\u015fan bu sistemde havale i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir rakam\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f girilmesi h\u00e2linde sistemin yanl\u0131\u015f IBAN uyar\u0131s\u0131 verece\u011fi, sistemin tam g\u00fcvenli olup, rakamlar\u0131n de\u011ferinde veya s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak bir yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul etmedi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Paran\u0131n g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi \u0130ngiltere’deki banka hesab\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten ithalat\u00e7\u0131 \u015firkete ait olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130ngiliz hukukunda para transferi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilirken IBAN ile al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n isminin uyu\u015fup uyu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6ng\u00f6ren bir kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcne rastlan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Dosya i\u00e7erisindeki bilirki\u015fi raporunu d\u00fczenleyen bilirki\u015filerin nitelikleri de dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda rapor d\u00fczenlenmeye ehil olduklar\u0131, daval\u0131 bankan\u0131n davac\u0131 \u015firket taraf\u0131ndan verilen IBAN bilgilerine g\u00f6re havale i\u015flemlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi, paran\u0131n g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi IBAN ile havale al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n isminin ayn\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yap\u0131lan ilk havale i\u015fleminden sonra, davac\u0131 \u015firketin basiretli tacir olarak paran\u0131n g\u00f6nderilmek istendi\u011fi al\u0131c\u0131 \u015firket ile irtibata ge\u00e7erek paran\u0131n al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n hesab\u0131na ge\u00e7ip ge\u00e7medi\u011fini teyit etmeden aradan 20 g\u00fcnden fazla s\u00fcre ge\u00e7tikten sonra ayn\u0131 IBAN’a havale i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmesinde kusurlu oldu\u011funun kabul\u00fc gerekir. H\u00e2l b\u00f6yle olunca; taraflar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 iddia ve savunmalar\u0131na, dosyadaki tutanak ve kan\u0131tlara, bozma karar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klanan gerektirici nedenlere g\u00f6re, Hukuk Genel Kurulunca da benimsenen \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131na uyulmak gerekirken \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Mahkeme karar\u0131 oy \u00e7oklu\u011fu ile bozulmu\u015ftur.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Milyonlarca ki\u015fiyi ilgilendiren emsal bir karara imza atan Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu, bankan\u0131n IBAN ile havale al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n isminin ayn\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmetti. Banka havalelerinde vatanda\u015flar\u0131n ma\u011fdur olmamas\u0131 ad\u0131na Yarg\u0131tay’dan \u00f6nemli bir karar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Y\u00fcksek mahkeme; IBAN numaras\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131c\u0131ya ait olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etme gibi bir sorumlulu\u011funun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmetti. Milyonlarca havale i\u015flemi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1570817,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1570816","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-erzurum-haber","category-gundem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1570816","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1570816"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1570816\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1570817"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1570816"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1570816"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1570816"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}