{"id":37683,"date":"2013-05-10T14:09:51","date_gmt":"2013-05-10T11:09:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.erzurumflas.com\/?p=37683"},"modified":"2013-05-11T07:33:45","modified_gmt":"2013-05-11T04:33:45","slug":"bankalari-soke-eden-karar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com.tr\/?p=37683","title":{"rendered":"Bankalar\u0131 \u015foke eden karar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu<\/a>,\u00a0 internet bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/a>\u00a0arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla hesab\u0131 bo\u015falt\u0131lan vatanda\u015f\u0131n ma\u011fduriyetinden\u00a0 banka<\/a>y\u0131 sorumlu tuttu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130zmir’de\u00a0 internet bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/a>\u00a0hizmetini kullanan bir m\u00fc\u015fteri, hesab\u0131ndan internet yoluyla para \u00e7ekildi\u011fini fark etti. Maddi ve manevi zarara u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcren\u00a0 banka<\/a>\u00a0m\u00fc\u015fterisi, bankadan 17 bin lira maddi, 20 bin lira manevi tazminat istemiyle dava a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n

Daval\u0131 banka ise davac\u0131n\u0131n \u015fifresini gizleyemedi\u011fini, bankan\u0131n kusurunun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunarak, davan\u0131n reddini istedi.<\/p>\n

\u0130zmir 2. Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesi, davay\u0131 k\u0131smen kabul etti. Kararda, toplanan kan\u0131tlar ve benimsenen bilirki\u015fi raporuna g\u00f6re, davac\u0131n\u0131n hesab\u0131ndan internet yoluyla havale yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, paray\u0131 tahsil eden hakk\u0131nda kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Davac\u0131n\u0131n \u015fifresini gerekli \u015fekilde muhafaza etmeyerek \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi eline ge\u00e7mesine neden oldu\u011fu, y\u00fczde 50 kusurlu bulundu\u011fu sonucuna varan yerel mahkeme, davac\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fterinin gerekli g\u00fcvenli\u011fi almad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bankayla ayn\u0131 oranda kusurlu oldu\u011funu vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kararda, davac\u0131n\u0131n kusuru bulundu\u011fu, bu risklerin her zaman olaca\u011f\u0131, manevi tazminat \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle manevi tazminat istemi reddedildi, maddi tazminat olarak 8 bin liran\u0131n daval\u0131 bankadan tahsil edilmesine karar verildi.<\/p>\n

M\u00dc\u015eTER\u0130N\u0130N SORUMLULU\u011eU YOK<\/strong>
\nKarar\u0131n temyiz edilmesi \u00fczerine dosya, Yarg\u0131tay 11. Hukuk Dairesine geldi. Daire, yerel mahkemenin karar\u0131n\u0131 bozdu.<\/p>\n

Dairenin gerek\u00e7esinde, yap\u0131lan soru\u015fturma ve dosya kapsam\u0131ndan i\u015flemlerde davac\u0131n\u0131n bu ki\u015fi veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerle i\u015fbirli\u011fi veya ba\u015fka \u015fekilde kusurlu davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131tlanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtildi.<\/p>\n

Daval\u0131 banka taraf\u0131ndan hesapta bulunan paran\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011finin tam sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli ki\u015filerin i\u015flemlerine kar\u015f\u0131 korunamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilen bozma karar\u0131nda, bankan\u0131n bu ki\u015filerin eylem ve i\u015flemlerine kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fteriyi koruyacak etkili mekanizmay\u0131, g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerini geli\u015ftirmedi\u011fi, bu \u00f6nlemleri kullanmay\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fterileri i\u00e7in zorunlu hale getirmedi\u011fi ifade edildi.<\/p>\n

Kararda, “Daval\u0131 bankan\u0131n \u00e7ekilen paradan sorumlu oldu\u011funun kabul\u00fc gerekir. Bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda davac\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131 oranda kusurlu oldu\u011fu kabul edilerek, h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f, karar\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 gerekmi\u015ftir” de\u011ferlendirmesi yer ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yerel mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine yeniden yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda, \u0130zmir 2. Ticaret Mahkemesi \u00f6nceki karar\u0131nda direndi.
\nBu karar\u0131n da temyiz edilmesi \u00fczerine dosya Hukuk Genel Kurulunda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc. Kurul, oy \u00e7oklu\u011fuyla, Yarg\u0131tay 11. Hukuk Dairesinin karar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda direnme karar\u0131n\u0131 bozdu.<\/p>\n

KURULUN GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/strong>
\nYarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulunun gerek\u00e7esinde, interaktif bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n, “\u015fahs\u0131n kablolu, kablosuz ileti\u015fim sistemleriyle teknik \u015fartlara haiz bilgisayar, GSM, telefon gibi ara\u00e7lar \u00fczerinden ve internet-wap arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla otomatik, sesli, yan\u0131t sistemiyle \u015fifre ve parolay\u0131 kullanarak, bankan\u0131n belirleyece\u011fi kurallar ve limitler dahilinde \u015fahs\u0131n banka hesaplar\u0131 \u00fczerinde her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015flem yapma y\u00f6ntemi” oldu\u011fu kaydedildi.<\/p>\n

\u0130nternet bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli sorunun g\u00fcvenlik oldu\u011fu vurgulanan gerek\u00e7ede, g\u00fcvenli internet bankac\u0131l\u0131k hizmetinin sunulmas\u0131nda ve hizmetin al\u0131nmas\u0131nda hem bankan\u0131n hem de m\u00fc\u015fterinin \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler bulundu\u011fu ifade edildi.<\/p>\n

Gerek\u00e7ede, \u015fu tespitler yap\u0131ld\u0131:<\/p>\n

“Bu ba\u011flamda, internet bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmetini m\u00fc\u015fterilerine bankalar sundu\u011funa g\u00f6re, bu sistemin g\u00fcvenli\u011fine y\u00f6nelik t\u00fcm tedbirleri almalar\u0131 ve sistemi bilinen en son teknolojik geli\u015fmeye uygun hale getirmeleri b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz, m\u00fc\u015fterilerin de internet bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere kendilerine verilen kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131, \u015fifresi ve di\u011fer bilgileri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin eline ge\u00e7mesini \u00f6nleyecek gerekli tedbirleri almalar\u0131 ve bu konuda azami \u00f6zeni g\u00f6stermeleri gereklidir. Bankac\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flemleri alan\u0131nda s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkesinin etkili \u015fekilde uygulanmamas\u0131 nedeniyle bankalar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu konusunda \u00f6zel d\u00fczenlemelerin ve yorumlar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 da bir gerekliliktir.”<\/p>\n

ASIL SORUN, ZARAR HAL\u0130NDE DURUM NE OLACAK?<\/strong>
\nGerek\u00e7ede, internet bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda as\u0131l sorunun, hi\u00e7bir kusuru bulunmayan hesap sahibinin internet bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sisteminden zarar g\u00f6rmesi halinde, durumun ne olaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirildi.<\/p>\n

Bankalar\u0131n, yat\u0131r\u0131lan paralar\u0131 istenildi\u011finde veya belli vadede ayni veya misli iade etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc tutuldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7ede, bankalar\u0131n bir g\u00fcven kurumlar\u0131 oldu\u011fu, \u00f6zel yasayla kurulan ve kendilerine alanlar\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli imtiyazlar tan\u0131nan, toplad\u0131klar\u0131 mevduat\u0131 sahteciliklere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zenle korumak zorunda olan kurulu\u015flar oldu\u011funu kaydedildi.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer alanlarda oldu\u011fu gibi internet ortam\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak i\u015flemlerde de sistem g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flaman\u0131n bankalar\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekilen gerek\u00e7ede, \u015fu ifadeler yer ald\u0131:<\/p>\n

“Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, banka, mevduat sahiplerinin g\u00fcvenli \u015fekilde i\u015flem yapabilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli g\u00fcvenlik altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlamak zorundad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda bankan\u0131n interaktif bankac\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flemleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u015fifre bilgilerinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerce ele ge\u00e7irilmesin \u00f6nleyecek bir g\u00fcvenlik mekanizmas\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131 gereklidir. Sistem g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmamas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan zararlar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu bankaya ait olacakt\u0131r. Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, internet bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 faaliyeti y\u00fcr\u00fcten bankalar, bankadaki paran\u0131n internet ortam\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerce usuls\u00fcz havale edilmesi durumunda, mudinin paras\u0131n\u0131 ilgili mevzuat \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde iade etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcrler. Usuls\u00fcz i\u015flemlerle \u00e7ekilen paralar asl\u0131nda do\u011frudan do\u011fruya bankan\u0131n zarar\u0131 niteli\u011finde olup mevduat sahibinin bankaya kar\u015f\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131 aynen devam eder. Banka usuls\u00fcz i\u015flemin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinde mevduat sahibinin m\u00fcterafik (birlikte) kusurunun bulundu\u011fun ispat etmesi halinde tazminatta indirim isteyebilir.”<\/p>\n

BAZI \u00dcYELER KAR\u015eI \u00c7IKTI<\/strong>
\nBaz\u0131 \u00fcyeler, internet bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sisteminden yaralanmak i\u00e7in gerekli \u015fifre ve parola gibi ki\u015fisel bilgilerin, bankan\u0131n bilgisayar sistemine d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan girilerek elde edilmedi\u011fini, m\u00fc\u015fteri bilgisayar\u0131na d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan m\u00fcdahale y\u00f6ntemleriyle bu bilgilerin ele ge\u00e7irildi\u011fini savundu.<\/p>\n

Gerek\u00e7ede, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn teknolojik seviyesinde elektronik imza ve benzeri geli\u015fmi\u015f g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerinin al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu, bu tedbirleri alman\u0131n hizmet sunucusu olan bankalar\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bulundu\u011fu vurguland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Somut olayda, daval\u0131 bankan\u0131n, davac\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcterafik kusurunu ve su\u00e7 te\u015fkil edebilecek bir eyleminin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da kan\u0131tlayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 itibarla Hukuk Genel Kurulunca da benimsenen \u00f6zel daire bozma karar\u0131na uyulmak gerekirken, \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmesinin usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulundu\u011fu bildirildi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu,\u00a0internet bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla hesab\u0131 bo\u015falt\u0131lan vatanda\u015f\u0131n ma\u011fduriyetinden\u00a0bankay\u0131 sorumlu tuttu. \u0130zmir’de\u00a0internet bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0hizmetini kullanan bir m\u00fc\u015fteri, hesab\u0131ndan internet yoluyla para \u00e7ekildi\u011fini fark etti. Maddi ve manevi zarara u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcren\u00a0banka\u00a0m\u00fc\u015fterisi, bankadan 17 bin lira maddi, 20 bin lira manevi tazminat istemiyle dava a\u00e7t\u0131. Daval\u0131 banka ise davac\u0131n\u0131n \u015fifresini gizleyemedi\u011fini, bankan\u0131n kusurunun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunarak, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37683","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ekonomi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37683","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=37683"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37683\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=37683"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=37683"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=37683"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}