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Columbia \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Prof. Dr.Rashid Khalidi, DAE\u015e\u2019in hedefinin, Sykes-Picot\u2019nun \u00e7izdi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\nColumbia \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Prof. Dr.Rashid Khalidi, DAE\u015e\u2019in hedefinin, Sykes-Picot\u2019nun \u00e7izdi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi, ABD\u2019nin New York kentindeki Columbia \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde \u201cG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Ortado\u011fusu\u2019nu Anlamak\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir panel d\u00fczenledi.<\/p>\n
Panel \u00fcniversitenin \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyeleri ile ABD\u2019deki mezunlar\u0131n\u0131 ve ABD\u2019deki akademik \u00e7evreleri, Columbia \u00dcniversitesi Italian Academy\u2019de bir araya getirdi.<\/p>\n
Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi Prof. Dr. Edhem Eldem\u2019in moderat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki panelde, London School of Economics\u2019ten Prof. Dr. Fawaz Gerges ile Columbia \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Prof. Dr.Rashid Khalidi konu\u015fmac\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n
\u201cSykes-Picot\u2019taki S\u0131n\u0131rlar Nereye Kadar Korunabilir?\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 konu\u015fmas\u0131nda Prof. Khalidi, \u0130slam Devleti olarak da bilinen DAE\u015e\u2019in (ad-Dawlah al-Islamiyah fil-\u2018Iraq wa ash-Sham) ABD\u2019nin 2003\u2019teki Irak i\u015fgalinin bir sonucu olarak do\u011fdu\u011funu dile getirirken, i\u015fgal sonras\u0131nda Irak\u2019\u0131n t\u00fcm altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yok edildi\u011fini ve bunun \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonunda Nazi Almanya\u2019s\u0131na bile bu d\u00fczeyde yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti. DAE\u015e\u2019in 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere ile Fransa\u2019n\u0131n imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gizli anla\u015fma Sykes-Picot\u2019nun \u00e7izdi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu d\u00fczene son vermeyi ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n beliren Khalidi, Arap d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda bir\u00e7ok siyasi hareketin Sykes-Picot s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu s\u0131n\u0131rlara direnen iki \u00fclkenin T\u00fcrkiye ve \u0130ran oldu\u011funu vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n
1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ertesinde Suriye-Irak-Hicaz Federasyonu i\u00e7in u\u011fra\u015f veren Arap siyasi hareketinin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamamas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Bat\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan s\u0131n\u0131rlar nedeniyle o zamandan bu yana Arap toplumunda ciddi bir Bat\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirten Khalidi, DAE\u015e\u2019in bu zeminde g\u00fcncel konjonkt\u00fcrle b\u00fcy\u00fcyerek ciddi bir n\u00fcfuz kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Irak i\u015fgali sonras\u0131 ABD esir kamplar\u0131nda bulu\u015fan devlet y\u00f6netimi konusunda tecr\u00fcbeli Baas\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ve \u0130slami hareketin DAE\u015e\u2019in ilk n\u00fcvelerini olu\u015fturdu\u011funu ifade etti. DAE\u015e\u2019in Arap milliyet\u00e7isi y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirten Prof. Khalidi, \u00dcrd\u00fcn, Suriye, L\u00fcbnan ve Irak s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n daha ne kadar devam edebilece\u011fini sorgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyan\u0131n bu b\u00f6lgesinde bir\u00e7ok tehdidin oldu\u011funu belirten Khalidi, bunlardan \u201cDAE\u015e\u201d ve \u201cK\u00fcrt milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi\u201dnin etnik ve dini bak\u0131mdan b\u00f6lgenin var olan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 sorgulayan hareketler oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Khalidi, b\u00f6lgedeki di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck tehditlerin ise Suriye\u2019deki i\u00e7 sava\u015fla artan \u201cmezhep sava\u015f\u0131\u201d ve \u201cd\u0131\u015f m\u00fcdaheleler\u201d oldu\u011funu kaydetti. Suudi Arabistan ve \u0130ran aras\u0131ndaki gerginli\u011fin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkisine dikkat \u00e7eken Khalidi, S\u00fcnni-\u015eii tansiyonunun toplumsal bir gerilim olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, politik olarak olu\u015fturulmu\u015f bir gerilim oldu\u011funu vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Sykes-Picot ile olu\u015fturulmu\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n yapayl\u0131\u011f\u0131na zaman zaman vurgu yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Khalidi, ancak t\u00fcm ulus devlet s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n bir anlamda yapay oldu\u011funu, bu nedenle var olan devletlerin bir anda yok olmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da hat\u0131rlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Fawaz Gerges de El Kaide\u2019nin ABD-Rusya so\u011fuk sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ABD taraf\u0131ndan yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve DAE\u015e\u2019in ise Irak i\u015fgali sonucunda Irak\u2019\u0131n yerle\u015fmi\u015f gelenek ve devlet kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirdi.<\/p>\n
DAE\u015e\u2019in ulusal egemenlik fikrini reddederek varolan devlet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131kmak istedi\u011fini belirten Prof. Gerges, Arap toplumunun DAE\u015e\u2019i s\u00f6m\u00fcrge kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bir hareket olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kaydetti. \u0130\u015fsizlik, fakirlik, g\u00fcvensiz ya\u015fam ve ABD i\u015fgali kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda DAE\u015e\u2019in me\u015fruiyet kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Gerges, El Kaide ve DAE\u015e\u2019in anti-hegemonik hareketler olarak da g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. ABD i\u015fgalinin sosyal yap\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6kertmesi ile ABD hapishanelerinin bu hareketler i\u00e7in \u201ckulu\u00e7ka merkezine\u2019\u2019 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirten Gerges, El Kaide ve DAE\u015e gibi hareketlerin \u00fctopyac\u0131, tepki hareketleri oldu\u011funu ve bu nedenle binlerce gencin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ile b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ifade etti. Bu hareketlerin askeri y\u00f6ntemlerle yok edilmesinin imkans\u0131z oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen Gerges, Arap d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n yeni bir Ortado\u011fu tahayy\u00fcl\u00fcne ihtiyac\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtti.